What is Arthritis in Dogs?

Why does it happen?

This page is for information and reference purposes only. 

It is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Always speak to a qualified veterinary surgeon about your pet’s individual needs before starting, changing, or stopping any treatment.

Arthritis in Dogs  –  Why does it happen?

Arthritis, also known as osteoarthritis (OA), is a common, long-term condition where the cartilage in the joints breaks down. This leads to pain, inflammation, and reduced joint movement. It most often affects older dogs but can occur in younger dogs, especially large breeds or those with previous injuries. It is a progressive (gets worse over time) but very manageable condition.

Why Does It Happen?

In healthy joints, smooth cartilage covers the bone ends and acts as a cushion. However with arthritis:

Cartilage starts to wear away due to age, repetitive stress, or injury.

The joint becomes inflamed and produces extra fluid.

Bone spurs (osteophytes) may form, and the joint space narrows.

Muscles around the joint weaken from reduced use.

Common risk factors:

Older age

Large/giant breeds (e.g. Labrador, German Shepherd, Rottweiler)

Obesity (major contributor)

Previous joint injuries or surgeries (e.g. cruciate ligament tear)

Genetics and poor conformation (hip/elbow dysplasia)

Being overweight or inactive

Main Problems Arthritis Causes

Stiffness, especially after resting (“worse after lying down”)

Limping or favouring one leg

Reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or play

Reduced exercise tolerance

Difficulty getting up from lying down

Grumpiness or changed behaviour when touched

Muscle wasting around affected joints

In severe cases, there is constant pain and a reduced quality of life for dogs.

Signs often develop slowly, so many owners will mistake the signs of arthritis for “just old age.”

Arthritis in Dogs
How We Treat It

There is no cure, but a multimodal approach (several things together) works very well to reduce pain and improve mobility.

Main Treatments:

Weight management: The single most important thing. Even losing 5–10% of body weight can dramatically reduce pain. This is because the dogs have less to carry around, and thus less pressure on their joints.

Pain relief:

NSAIDs (e.g. carprofen, meloxicam) – very effective anti-inflammatory painkillers.

Other options: gabapentin, amantadine, or paracetamol (dog-safe versions only).

Joint supplements:

Glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3 fish oils, and green-lipped mussel extracts.

Lifestyle changes:

Regular low-impact exercise (short, frequent walks, swimming, hydrotherapy).

Avoid slippery floors and high jumps.

Advanced options:

Physiotherapy and massage.

Joint injections (e.g. steroid or hyaluronic acid).

Surgery (in severe cases, such as total hip replacement).

Newer treatments like bedinvetmab is a monthly injection that blocks pain signals.

Key Take-Home Messages

Arthritis is extremely common but not inevitable – good weight control and early management make a huge difference.

Treatment is lifelong and usually needs adjusting over time.

The goal is to keep your dog comfortable and active for as long as possible.

Early intervention is best don’t wait until your dog is obviously struggling.

Always work with your vet: they can create a personalised pain management and mobility plan.

Many dogs with arthritis continue to enjoy walks, play, and a good quality of life with the right care. If you’ve noticed your dog slowing down or seeming stiff, speak to your vet there are lots of effective ways to help.

This information is for reference only and should not replace advice from a qualified veterinary surgeon. Always speak to your vet before starting, changing, or stopping any treatment for your pet.

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